September 02, 2010
Physician Quality Report Cards, Part II
I am frankly surprised by the number of comments, emails, and telephone calls I have received about my doctor report card blog post. Some were charged with emotion and even anger. The number and tone of the responses indicate that Dr. Danielle Ofri and I hit a nerve that resonates differently with different audiences, and we should all try to better understand the several sides to this important, complex, and relevant issue.
In this post, I would like to explore how we can equip physicians with the humility, courage, and existential strength needed to want to receive the kind of timely, blunt feedback on performance that is necessary for continuous improvement of clinical care. There are models in professional football, innovative teacher training programs, and public school teacher report card initiatives that might inform us. I would also like to revisit my interest in replacing the current pessimistic model of error and failure with a more optimistic model. While we are all too familiar with the shame and embarrassment associated with being told we are wrong, an optimistic model of error and failure guides us to being more receptive to feedback because the focus is not on us, but rather on the “other” that needs to be taught or cared for. In an optimistic model of error, Kathryn Schulz believes we can respond to feedback about failure with bafflement, fascination, amusement, excitement, curiosity and delight.
Why is it so hard for us to admit error and receive blunt feedback? Why is it so important for all of us to always be right? Chris Argyris wrote about why it is difficult for the successful to learn; success really does not teach as much as failure, and when the usually successful fail or need to improve they become defensive. Argyris believes there is a universal tendency for humans to respond to feedback by trying to achieve four goals: stay in control, win and not lose, feel positive, and behave rationally. Harville Hendrix, a marriage therapy expert, believes being wrong is so threatening and unwelcome because of concentric consciousness, having our internal cohesive sense of self disrupted resulting in chaos, and experiencing shame and guilt which is painful. We become rigid in our beliefs and defensive because we do not like feeling insecure.
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Remembering the Tonsillectomy Riots
The humble tonsillectomy has been at the center of controversies over practice variation, inappropriate surgery and avoidable harm for decades; indeed, well before the terms to describe those problems were formally articulated. Now, thanks to the recently unearthed Tonsillectomy Riots of 1906, you can add “patient empowerment” and “informed consent” to that list.
Tablet, an online magazine of Jewish news and culture, rescued the Tonsillectomy Riots from historical obscurity. Piecing together old newspaper accounts in English and Yiddish, the magazine told what happened on New York’s heavily Jewish Lower East Side on a steamy day in June when “50,000 immigrant mothers descended on their local public schools demanding to see their children, having heard that there was a Board of Health-sanctioned child slaughter taking place.”
The article continues:
Greeted by locked doors, the screaming throngs surrounded the schools and began smashing windows and pounding on doors….During this rampage, gangs of immigrants cursed out principals, fought police, and attacked anyone in the street bearing the slightest resemblance to a doctor….Some of them raided vegetable pushcarts for ammunition while others, like one young man who pulled a revolver on a member of the Board of Health, used more serious weapons.
Word had spread among the Jews of the Lower East Side that uptown doctors were coming into downtown public schools and were, as described in the daily Varhayt, “cutting the throats of Jewish children!” After a two-hour assault, the rag-tag army achieved victory: Their kids were released early and alive, proving that no such slaughter had taken place.
From the viewpoint of the befuddled Board of Health, this debacle was likely filed under the heading, “No good deed goes unpunished.” After tonsillitis reportedly kept scores of Jewish students out of school, the principal recommended the children have tonsillectomies. (The idea of a contagious sore throat was apparently not part of folk wisdom at the time.) When mothers complained they couldn’t afford either the doctor’s fee or taking time off to go see one, physicians were asked to perform tonsillectomies at the schools. Days before the riot, doctors had performed 83 tonsillectomies at one elementary school. That’s when the trouble began.
The English-language press reported that the operations all had parental consent. But the Yiddish press told of children sent home with slips of paper their parents couldn’t read using terms they couldn’t understand even when translated.
“All they knew was that when the children returned home from school after their procedures, they did so drooling mouthfuls of blood, barely able to speak,” Tablet related. “Shocked, their parents asked what happened. ‘Doctors cut our throats,’ the children replied.’ Rumors of a wholesale slaughter leapt like wildfire throughout the tenements and shops…and street-corner orators got into the act, screaming about the massacres in the schools, comparing them to the pogroms in Russian-ruled Poland.”
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September 01, 2010
Health 2.0 Europe: Day One
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Beyond Meaningful Use: Three Five-Year Trends in the Uses of Patient Health Data and Clinical IT
Finally, we have a Final Rule on the Medicare and Medicaid EHR incentive programs. The rules and criteria are simpler and more flexible, and the measures easier to compute. But they are still an “all or nothing” proposition for physicians, who will have to meet all of the objectives and measures to receive any incentive payment. Doctors who get three-quarters of the way there won’t receive a dime. And a lot of uncertainty remains about dependent processes that CMS and ONC must quickly put in place, like accreditation of “testing and certifying bodies,” and the testing schemas for certification. All in all, we expect most physicians in small practices to sit on the sidelines until the dust settles, likely in 2012 or 2013.
Nevertheless, while it is good to get Meaningful Use behind us, it may be better still seeing beyond it. After all, the incentive payments for becoming a “meaningful user of certified EHR technology” are merely a small down payment on the savings that could be realized if health care supply, delivery and payment are affected by the changing policy and market environments over the next 5 years. The EHR incentive programs are meant to prime the pump by putting approximately $25 billion, give or take a few billion, into the hands of physicians and hospitals who adopt EHR technology during the 5 years between 2011 and 2016.
During that same time, by comparison, reductions in waste, duplication, and unnecessary procedures might mean savings of $100 billion to Medicare alone,# depending on whose estimate you believe and how effective you think the reforms will be in replacing payment for volume with payment for value. It might be a lot more. Conservative estimates are that 30% of our total national health care expenditure of $2.5 trillion, or over $800 million, is unnecessary and could be eliminated through real reforms. Some authoritative estimates argue that half or more of care costs are unnecessary, so the target jumps to $1.25 trillion a year.
Brian Klepper, David Kibbe, EHR, Meaningful Use | Permalink
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August 31, 2010
W(h)ither Insurers?
The talk around the country among health insurance companies is that their insurance business is dying.
What is happening? First, the consolidations in other industries, resulting in large, multistate corporations, already mean that many companies self insure their employees. Even many local firms have large enough work forces that they can be self-contained risk pools. (One source I found says that in 2008, 89 percent of workers employed in firms with 5000 or more employees were in self-insured plans.) There is no sense compensating insurance companies for actuarial risk when your employee base is that large. Instead, the insurance companies or other firms are hired solely to administer the benefit plans.
For
those insurance markets that still exist, the provisions for
transparency under the national health care reform law, and the
insurance exchanges that will be set up, will result in the
commoditization of insurance products. That commoditization will drive
down the profit margins that would otherwise exist in this market
segment.
The result is that health insurance companies will
become financial services organizations more than insurance entities.
Think of them as another form of banking, where minimizing transaction
costs becomes imperative, and where the use of derivatives and other
hedges makes the difference in who makes money and who doesn't.
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Fun in San Diego next week: mHealth & Healthcamp
Next week there’s post-Labor day health care fun in San Diego. and Healthcamp San Diego is the day before (Sept 6). Both are run by good health care friends—Peter Waegemann and Claudia Tessier (who used to run TEPR) now run the mHealth conference, and Gregg Masters is running Healthcamp.
There do seem to be rather a lot of mHealth conferences this year—I won’t start talking here about my disdain for the term—but this is the one in the nicest place and is probably the best value for money! And the keynote is another friend and very interesting techie doctor, S. Cal Permanente Group’s CMIO John Mattison.
Check out the conference program for details and online registration to the mHealth Conference.
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August 30, 2010
The Accidental Socialists
Over the next
few years, the U.S. healthcare system will be in the hands of academics
from Cambridge, Massachusetts. New CMS Czar Donald Berwick was a member
of the Harvard Medical School faculty. Joe Newhouse, who has been the
senior adviser to Medicare for as long as I can remember, holds
appointments in three different schools at Harvard. David Cutler, Dean
of Harvard’s Undergraduate College, seems a good bet to lead the
Independent Medicare Advisory Board. Countless of their colleagues and
former students have taken key policy making positions in Washington.
I know most of these scholars. They are brilliant as a rule and are acting in the truest sense of public service. None of them are socialists in the usual sense of the word; they do not believe that the government is an efficient provider of most goods and services. I don’t think they want the government to provide health care either. They have never called for government ownership of hospitals or suggested that physicians join the civil service. But whether they realize it or not, they are the vanguard of a movement bringing socialized medicine to America.
My Cambridge colleagues are mostly economists and know a lot about how markets do and do not work. They have learned from economic theory and practical observation that free market health insurance is imperfect. Fearing adverse selection, unregulated insurers take steps that leave some individuals uninsured, while other individuals choose not to buy insurance and free ride off of taxpayer subsidized charity. Most economists (myself included) agree with this diagnosis of the problem with insurance markets.
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Running Behind
I walk into the exam room and the patient looks up at me with a surprised expression. ”Wow! I didn’t expect to see you so quickly!”
I smile and turn around to walk out of the door, saying: “Sorry! I’ll leave then and come back later.”
“No, no!” They respond, smiling. ”I’m happy to see you so soon. It’s just a surprise.”
I walk back into the room with a smirk. ”I just don’t want to offend you by being on time. I’ll try to do better next time.”
I am not sure if I should be happy or sad with such an interchange. On one hand, it feels good to stay on time with my appointments, holding up my end of the bargain of the schedule. On the other hand, the patient’s surprise betrays the fact that this is not the usual state of affairs. And it isn’t. I generally don’t run on time and don’t expect to run on time.
When I first started practice, the stated objective was to get the person out of the office within an hour of their scheduled appointment. This seemed a blend of realism and responsibility. At first it was easy to stay up on things. My schedule was sparsely filled, so I could make up time. After sixteen years of practice, however, my schedule almost never has open slots; when it does have openings, they are quickly filled. I still try to get them out within an hour.
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Medicaid EHR Incentives – A Learning Experience
By now almost everybody that has any remote interest in Health Care is aware of the much publicized incentives made available to health care providers for the adoption and meaningful use of certified EHR technology. The most quoted number is $44,000 to be paid by CMS to Medicare physicians. Practically every EHR vendor website is adorned with a Flash banner “educating” doctors on this cash windfall, and practically every HIT detractor is warning that the incentives are just a pittance compared to the real costs of ownership of a certified EHR. Very rarely does anybody go into the intricacies of the available incentives for Medicaid providers, which are almost 50% higher than Medicare and involve clinicians providing care to our most vulnerable citizens. However, there is much to learn from the structure of the Medicaid incentives program.
The HITECH statute sets forth a “net” average allowable cost for purchasing and implementing an EHR at $25,000 for the first year and $10,000 for subsequent years. Of this “net” allowable cost, the Secretary of HHS is authorized to pay Medicaid Eligible Providers up to 85% in stimulus incentives for a total of 6 years. It appears that the Government is about to pay you 85% of your EHR costs for the next 6 years, which is a pretty good deal. Looks, however, can be deceiving. As any early adopter of EHR knows, the total cost of ownership for an EHR over 6 years is well over the “net” allowable of $75,000 set forth in the HITECH Act, and Congress knew that too. This is why the statute instructs the Secretary of HHS to determine the actual average allowable costs of EHR:
“(C) For the purposes of determining average allowable costs under this subsection, the Secretary shall study the average costs to Medicaid providers described in paragraph (2)(A) of purchase and initial implementation and upgrade of certified EHR technology described in paragraph (3)(C)(i) and the average costs to such providers of operations, maintenance, and use of such technology described in paragraph (3)(C)(ii). In determining such costs for such providers, the Secretary may utilize studies of such amounts submitted by States.”
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EHR, Margalit Gur-Arie, Medicaid | Permalink
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A Meaningful Use and Standards Rule FAQ Part II
As a followup to the HIMSS Webinar I gave last week, here's an FAQ in the spirit of last month's Meaningful Use and Standards Rule FAQ.
1. The Emergency Department is mentioned in 9 Core Measures and 3 Menu Measures, yet industry discussions seem to focus on the ED for CPOE and Discharge instructions. What functions do ED Information Systems need to support? Are these functions for just admitted patients or all ED Patients?
In my conversations with CMS, I believe that CMS will be issuing a corrections notice to clarify the role of the ED in the rule.
2. There are 44 Quality measures for Eligible Professionals. Do EHRs need to support all 44 measures to be certified?
To achieve certification, EHRs must support the 3 Core Measures, the 3 Alternate Quality Measures and at least 3 others from the remaining 38 measures.
3. Can eligible professionals from ancillary service providers such as stand alone radiology imaging centers qualify for meaningful use?
Although it seems a bit of stretch, if these professionals can meet all the meaningful use measures, then can qualify. This implies that radiologists will have to chart weight/height, ask about smoking status, record race/ethnicity etc.
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August 28, 2010
Health 2.0 Europe: Etienne Caniard
Cliquez sur elle pour la vidéo en français
Etienne Caniard of the French National Authority for Health spoke on the French governement's approach to Health 2.0 technologies.
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August 27, 2010
Health Reform Without Apologies
Have you ever seen a fair, unbiased, evenhanded
explanation of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act? Have you ever
seen anything that even appeared to be objective? I haven’t.
So to fill the gap, my colleagues and I have produced“What Does Health Care Reform Mean To You? A Consumer’s Guide,” which explains how the new health care overhaul works, in a question-and-answer format. You can also get a pamphlet version— ideal for doctors’ offices, clinics, work places and everywhere else that people meet and socialize.
That it’s the first effort anyone has made to even try to be objective is in itself rather amazing. See if you agree on whether we succeeded and give us your comments.>
During the nine-month period leading up to the passage of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA), Americans were subjected to more than $200 million worth of TV, radio, newsprint and Internet ads. Almost all of these — pro and con — were pure propaganda.
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“Healthcare” vs. “Health Care”: The Definitive Word(s)
A recent contributor to this blog wondered about the correctness of “health care” versus “healthcare.” I’d like to answer that question by channeling my inner William Safire (the late, great New York Times language maven). If you’ll stick with me, I’ll also disclose why the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services is not abbreviated as CMMS and reveal something you may not have known about God – linguistically, if not theologically.
The two-word rule for “health care” is followed by major news organizations (New York Times, Washington Post, Wall Street Journal) and medical journals (New England Journal of Medicine, JAMA, Annals of Internal Medicine). Their decision seems consistent with the way most references to the word “care” are handled.
Even the editorial writers of Modern Healthcare magazine do not inveigh against errors in medicalcare driving up costs in acutecare hospitals and nursinghomes. They write about “medical care,” “acute care” and “nursing homes,” separating the adjectives from the nouns they modify. Some in the general media go even farther, applying the traditional rule of hyphenating adjectival phrases; hence, “health-care reform,” just as you’d write “general-interest magazine” or “old-fashioned editor.”
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